The Great Gatsby – or is he?
by Steve
More often than not I will lay off the fiction when I’m choosing a book. For faintly ridiculous reasons, really. I like to know what’s really going on in the world, or has gone on in the world in the past. I like reality. I like facts and information I can utilise in a pub quiz (how sad, eh?). I like tidbits I can bore my friends and family with on high days and holidays.
This is, of course, forgetting that you can get all this, and more, from good fiction. I can find out just as much, and be just as moved, as I would be by a true-life story.
This was certainly the case with F Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. After reading Hemingway’s A Moveable Feast, which features Fitzgerald around the time The Great Gatsby was written, the novel itself seemed a sensible next stop. Here I could perhaps flesh out that 1920s world, and see if Hemingway was right about this being Fitzgerald’s best work.
It did also help that the book is my Significant Other’s favourite. She has pretty good taste (well, she lives with me, right? OK, apart from living with me, she has good taste) and I doubted she’s recommend a book I wouldn’t go for.
You’ll be pleased to hear, dear reader, I wasn’t disappointed.
Here is a wonderful snapshot of 1920s decadence. Here was that sense of freedom and abandon after the First World War. Here was the truly modern(ist?) world, with its pleasures and its pitfalls. The book chronicles the recklessness of the age, which would eventually lead to the Wall Street Crash and the Great Depression (although obviously Fitzgerald was not to know of this when he was writing the book). People wallow in excess, on money that appears from nowhere, with no foundation, a modern Gomorrah, heading for disaster. Sounds familiar, eh?
Money is no object, and with Gatsby, he appears to have magicked it from thin air. The allusion is that he has gained his fortune by nefarious means (perhaps he is a con artist, perhaps a bootlegger, perhaps a fixer of the World Series). But the great and good are more than happy to accept his charming self, and more importantly are happy to see his money spent on their own enjoyment, at his countless parties. No questions asked.
I found Gatsby such a fascinating character as he does not seem of this (that?) world. He is a mirage. He seems to have appeared from nowhere, and can disappear just as quickly.
In the early passages of the book, Gatsby is but a mythical presence. The narrator, Nick Carraway, hears of him but does not meet him, despite living next-door. When he first catches sight of him, he vanishes. When they first meet face-to-face, Nick does not immediately realise who he is talking to.
Here is a character who is dropped into the ‘normal’ world and seems to unsettle everything. Yet, by the end, on the surface, normality has returned, or at least the unrest has been suppressed. This lends Gatsby an almost ghostly,dream-like air. For the main characters, to the outside world at least, it is as if nothing has ever happened. The status quo is restored.
He is soon forgotten by high society. They move on. Those who he genuinely touched will at least pretend to forget him, or wish that they could. Only Nick remains to mark and remember Gatsby. And so, Gatsby starts and ends a myth. He lives only in Nick’s words and memory.
Was Gatsby an illusion? Just as all that surrounded him was, and as the riches of that time were? It seems that way.
This is a wonderful book. Fascinating, isn;t it, that Hemmingway and Fitzgerald are two of the heaviweights of American literature yet they write so differently. They were friends, after a fashion, but I think hemmingway despaired of Fitzgerald’s tendency towards neuroticism while Fitzgerald thought Hemmingway’s machismo was a bore.
As for Gatsby the character, he’s often seen as the epitome of the American Dream yet, as my friend MDS points out (http://outspokenomphaloskeptic.wordpress.com/2009/11/17/chasing-the-dream/),
he spends a good deal of time staring at that far off light he knows he can never draw any closer to.
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Thanks for the link Steven, was a really good read. I think it makes sense to read The Great Gatsby as a critique of the American Dream, and that’s given me plenty to think about!
I love how in that period all these wonderful (and some not-so-wonderful) authors were in contact with one another. It must have been a great time to be a writer, surrounded by all these titans, or future titans, of literature.
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Looks like a good list. I’ve never managed to fiisnh The Great Gatsby myself. It’s one of those books that migrates from one shelf to another, but cunningly manages to avoid being read. I’m keeping my reading list short and sweet this year: Vanity Fair’ by William Thackeray and Workers in the Dawn’ by George Gissing.
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Hemmingway befriended James Joyce as well and there’s a story about Hemmingway wanting to take Joyce lion hunting. Joyce was practically blind with short-sightedness by this stage of his life and got out of the safari by saying ‘I won’t be able to see anything. Why don’t you go, Ernest, and describe what you’ve seen when you get back.’
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Great story. ‘Hemingway and Joyce on Safari’ has to be a comedy series in some alternate universe.
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Very glad you read this book. One of my favorites. I don’t know what it’s like in the UK, but here in America, The Great Gatsby is one of the most common books administered by high school teachers to English classes, mostly in the eleventh grade. Everyone here reads Gatsby.
Easily one of the greatest American novels, we take the Great Gatsby to be a severe criticism of the American Dream, the hope that if one works hard enough, one can achieve anything they desire. Gatsby is the embodiment of this dream: he thinks that because he has amassed all this wealth, that he deserves to have Daisy back, and besides, he loves her. As readers we want nothing more than the fullness of the story to be complete: we wish Daisy to leave Tom, with whom she shares no love, and live with Gatsby forever. It is Gatsby who has our compassion, Gatsby who has our sympathy, Gatsby who we root for until the very end. Alas, Fitzgerald tears us apart, and in the end, everyone is broken, and no one gets what they want. Even the satellite characters (i.e. Myrtle) are smashed in the wake of the carelessness of the rich.
So as you comment that Gatsby is easily forgotten, you’re absolutely right. Gatsby is the dying dream, the harsh reality that we cannot have everything, that life will throw whatever it pleases at us, and in the end, we cannot relive the past, no matter how many lavish parties we throw.
But what a beautiful way to end: “and so we beat on, boats against the current, borne ceaselessly into the past.” (That’s from memory, but I think that’s it.)
Glad to see you liking Fitzgerald. If you want to be depressed with more Fitzgerald, go read “The Beautiful and the Damned.” What a rocker that is.
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I enjoyed this post. I think you’re right about Gatsby being an illusion. What gets difficult, I think, is sorting out just whose illusion he is. Obviously he invents himself according to a juvenile ‘Platonic’ image of himself that dictates his future course through life in a number of ways. He’s also the subject of fascinated and dark speculations regarding his origins and the source of his wealth on the part of all the people who come to his parties and then whisper that he’s a spy, murderer, related to the Kaiser, etc. At some level he must, when he and Daisy resume their ultimately doomed affair, be an illusion or echo for Daisy of something of her youth and shared past that can’t be recaptured. I Think we also need to consider to what extent Gatsby the man became Gatsby the character in Nick’s account of that summer. Just to make all this even more complex and more fun Gatsby’s not just an illusion but also and allusion to and metaphor for a much larger concept.
On an unrelated note, as an American who gets to teach this novel to British students I always like to spend a few minutes discussing Wolfsheim and the fixing of the World Series. This gives me a chance to talk briefly about baseball and stress that it has a cultural significance that my students are usually aware of, but usually haven’t taken too seriously. It also gives me an excuse to keep a stock of baseballs around to pass through the class.
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Thanks to you both for your replies, and sorry for the delay in me getting back to them. They’ve really helped me round out my views, and knowledge of Gatsby (man and book).
Paul – sounds like I might have to ready myself, but will have to seek out The Beautiful and the Damned in the near future.
MDS – nice touch with the baseballs and World Series teaching. A great way to give a little more insight into a book. I noticed that there were plenty of cultural references in the book – was glad my copy had endnotes…
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